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KMID : 0043320110340020281
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Archives of Pharmacal Research
2011 Volume.34 No. 2 p.281 ~ p.287
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Increased non-rapid eye movement sleep by cocaine withdrawal: Possible involvement of A2A receptors
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Yang Shu-Long
Han Jin-Yi
Kim Yun-Bae
Nam Sang-Yoon
Song Suk-Gil
Hong Jin-Tae
Oh Ki-Wan
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Abstract
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This study attempted to clarify whether cocaine withdrawal altered sleep architecture and the role of adenosine receptors in this process. Cocaine (20 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously once per day for 7 days to rat implanted with sleep/wake recording electrode. Polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep/wake activities were recorded for 24 h before cocaine administration (basal recording as control); withdrawal-day 1 (after 1 day of repeated cocaine administration), withdrawal-day 8 (after 8 days of repeated cocaine administration), and withdrawal-day 14 (after 14 days of repeated cocaine administration), respectively. On cocaine withdrawal-day 1, wakefulness was significantly increased, total sleep was decreased, non-rapid eye movement sleep was markedly reduced, and rapid eye movement sleep was enhanced. Sleep/wake cycles were also increased on cocaine withdrawal day 1. However, non-rapid eye movement sleep was increased on withdrawal-day 8 and 14, whereas rapid eye movement sleep was decreased and no significant changes were observed in the total sleep and sleep/wake cycles during these periods. Adenosine A2A receptors expression was increased on withdrawal-day 8 and 14, whereas A1 receptors levels were reduced after 14 days of withdrawal and the A2B receptors remained unchanged. Our findings suggest that alterations of sleep and sleep architecture during cocaine subacute and subchronic withdrawals after repeated cocaine administration may be partially involved in A2A receptors over-expression in the rat hypothalamus.
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KEYWORD
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Cocaine withdrawal, Sleep architecture, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Adenosine receptors, Western blot, Hypothalamus
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